The spa tradition dates back to the Roman age. Natural healing factors are: thermal and mineral water, air, gas and mineral mud of confirmed medicinal effect. There are 37 registred thermal spa and health climatic resorts. Most spas have two or more springs or wells often different in mineral composition and/or temperature. Medicinal and wellness spas are important segments in development of tourism in Serbia. Balneo infrastructure (pools, baths,medical and spa wellness equipment, accommodation facilities) has been renewing continuously in order to update and improve the thermal spa offer. Mineral and thermal waters are used mostly to treat rheumatic, neurological, metabolic and respiratory conditions, digestive tract and psycho-somatic diseases, urology, dermatology and vascular conditions. Serbia is recognized in the region of Western Balkans not only for its medical spa treatmens, but also for its medicinal mud treatments and highly trained therapiests.